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(This is the first article in The Quint’s two-part series on India’s fifth generation fighter aircraft, to be developed by DRDO and produced by HAL and an Indian private company. You can read the second part here.)
A public-private partnership between DRDO’s Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA), Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) and a private Indian company is expected to be formalised soon upon receipt of government sanction for the Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA).
AMCA will pitchfork India into an exclusive group of a handful of countries that design, develop and operate fifth generation fighter aircraft (FGFA).
What started as a possible Russian platform over time turned into India’s Medium Combat Aircraft and now AMCA. An Indo-Russian collaboration inked in 2007 to develop the Su-57 FGFA fell through in 2018 after India formally withdrew stating prohibitive developmental costs proposed by the Russians.
The program will spawn a host of tier 2/3 suppliers and sub-vendors downstream. It is understood that sanction from Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) is being pursued by DRDO. There was hope before the pandemic that DRDO will be able to get this approval by end-2020, opening the road for a big dollop of funding. The changed economic landscape post COVID-19 may delay this somewhat.
Starting 2010, IAF had indicated key design drivers for the AMCA and drawn Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA), DRDO’s aviation research wing, into the loop. Today, a small geographically-dispersed but well-networked project team in ADA is giving shape to the AMCA. Here are some features that make the AMCA a fifth generation fighter:
Having staked responsibility for the lion’s share of India’s future air power with the AMCA, LCA Mk2, TEDBF, ORCA et al, user services have now — for better or worse — walked into a party hosted by DRDO (but funded by services), with no clear exit plan should the script go awry.
While nobody contests the long-term goal of self-reliance, it may be a good point to reflect on whether singular dependence on ‘DRDO/HAL with private Indian partner’ is the best option for filling critical capability gaps. Which single agency will be answerable and accountable for the lofty promises made? What competition or existential threats do these entities face? What is their incentive for timely delivery and proof of product? What is the penalty for failure?
These questions must haunt us as we drool over the AMCA mock-ups that will be paraded at Aero India 2021.
Air Marshal Raghunath Nambiar, test pilot, Kargil War veteran and former AOC-in-C Western Air Command sounds a siren of caution. He, along with Sqn Ldr Uday Shankar, was the first IAF crew deputed ex-ASTE to form NFTC inside the circular ADA building in 1994. He recalls how the initial support from British Aerospace (BAE), Lockheed Martin Control Systems (LMCS), General Electric and—most importantly—the subsequent withdrawal of all American support in the wake of 1998 Pokhran blasts, were crucial to LCA project’s success.
Pathfinding scientists like Srinath Kumar, Shyam Chetty and Girish Deodhare (now Director ADA), and many others were harnessed by the Program Director Dr Kota Harinarayana who had direct access to then DG, ADA.
While celebrating the many successes of LCA, he rued disappointments like LCA’s laundry list of deficiencies from ASR 2/85, shifting timelines of LCA Mk2, poor product support and under-developed supply chain management, lack of a robust ILS, maintenance issues and production quality of LCA, et al.
Nambiar hopes these lessons will get the attention of our decision makers on AMCA and will result in selection of appropriate choices for making up the deep deficit in fighter squadrons (30 against 42 as of 2020).
(Capt KP Sanjeev Kumar is a former navy test pilot and blogs atwww.kaypius.com. He can be reached at @realkaypius. He has flown over 24 types of fixed and rotary wing aircraft and holds a dual ATP rating on the Bell 412 and AW139 helicopters. This is an opinion piece. The views expressed above are the author’s own. The Quint neither endorses nor is responsible for them.)
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Published: 23 Oct 2020,06:16 PM IST