The Hidden Epidemic Behind COVID-19: Myths & Misinformation
The Hidden Epidemic Behind COVID-19: Myths & Misinformation
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While Delhi has reported its first case of coronavirus just now, the world has been alarmed for almost three months by the growing scare of COVID-19 (the novel Coronavirus that started off in Wuhan, China), the outbreak that has been in the news almost everyday since mid-December, 2019. With around 80,000 affected in China alone and over 67 countries effected, the virus has claimed over 3000 lives so far (as of present date).
Panic and anxiety have driven masses all around, with travel and immigration restrictions being enforced at multiple places. The health forums both nationally and internationally are trying their best to curb this outbreak with ground-breaking research poured in every day to obtain a cure for this disease.
Amidst this critical situation, another evolving crisis is surpassing the virus itself, that is the epidemic of misinformation, false news and fake messages related to COVID-19, its spread, treatment and statistics.
Netizens have been posting and sharing all sorts of information. Barring a handful genuine recommendations about hand washing, prevention of stigma and videos from Wuhan itself, rest all others either are fake or convey a false message or are misinterpreted to generate wrong theories and facts.
Well, in majority of cases with our busy lives, we will simply get concerned and forward it to our friends and WhatsApp groups. Targeting the wrong audience can be catastrophic in misinformation, which easily snowballs to affect a much larger and susceptible population. Following similar stories elsewhere in India, chicken sales have gone down by more than 30 percent in last one month.
One other example are the numerous ‘Coronavirus treatment centres’ that seem rampant in villages now (reported from Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Bihar, West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh), which claim to have preventive and curative ‘magical remedies’ for the virus.
Ironically many claim their genre to be ‘Ayurvedic’ or ‘Homeopathy’, while experts from both field have firmly denied any such proven evidence. In some cases, there are reports of psychiatric and neurological disturbances in patients who consumed such ‘herbal’ medications that apparently contain ‘high doses of steroids’.
Also Read: Watch: Coronavirus Myths Debunked
How Misinformation Travels
Rumour and hearsay can affect people irrespective of their socio-economic status and that gets compounded by the fear of ‘unknown’. The risk of ‘imminent death’ from the virus (which is again NOT TRUE) as well as desperate attempt to protect our loved ones from falling ill can lead us to modify our beliefs or turn to ‘more acceptable yet false’ medical claims. The flip side is that misinformation not only impedes the correct and necessary precautionary measures but at times also causes harm to health by faulty treatment.
The term ‘misinfodemics’ is quite popular now. It denotes the contribution of false facts and misinformation to the spread or maintenance of an illness. Being social beings there are certain costs that we pay for it.
Communication, perception and interpretation of information are often modelled fast in our society, irrespective of its authenticity. With the advent of social media as a two-edged weapon for connectivity, this spread is fast and any news can go viral in seconds to minutes. Well-researched instances in the past have made us aware about the damage caused by misinfodemics: tuberculosis in India, vaccination failures in Malaysia, Ebola virus outbreak in Africa, the SARS outbreak in China and recently the Swine flu and Nipah virus outbreaks. It is well-known that adverse knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) related to vaccination can subsequently influence the herd immunity of a particular area.
Incorrect disposition of fomites and tampons have increased the rates of tuberculosis, diptheria and sexually-transmitted illnesses in the past. Faulty information about needle-sharing and safe-sex practices (even after decades of advocacy for early sex-education) have contributed to the rise in Hepatitis C and AIDS as per the National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) of India.
The human mind plays a very confused role at times of crisis, especially in areas where adequate and authentic communication do not happen. Fear, anxiety, obsessional states about contracting the illness can contribute to wrong practices like faith-healing, over-the-counter prescriptions, self-medication or following hearsays and wrong facts leading to detrimental consequences.
This occurs more during the outbreak of an infection which goes unchecked for long and does not have a definitive known cure: as is the case with COVID-19. We all tend to be more convinced with attractive and picturesque videos, elaborative memes, endorsement by authority figures and celebrities or heated but inconsequential discussion/debate on social media rather than a much simpler way of browsing through the online source of an authentic international public health forum like the World Health Organization (WHO) or the Centre for Disease Control (CDC).
Their sources get updated by the moment with well-documented precautionary measures and global statistics related to the outbreak.
You can read more about the latest information on the COVID-19 outbreak as well as the safety details on the link provided below
Don't Believe these Myths
Keeping this in background, let us look at the common myths prevalent around the novel coronavirus outbreak.
It is vital to know that each of the points mentioned below are false or rumours and do not have an adequate scientific basis or evidence
Many of these information are being widely circulated through messages/forwards/pictures/memes or simply public conversations.
#1 Infection spreads through eating chicken and sea foods
Recent sporadic outbreak of Bird Flu in chicken in certain parts of India and China have fueled this fear all the more.
#2 Getting a cold/flu is akin to getting infected with Coronavirus
Coronavirus is a separate infective agent altogether and needs exposure with an infected person to develop. Any other flu or influenza are separate illnesses. The recent increase in H1N1 influenza cases with symptoms common to the COVID-19 has created more confusion.
#3 All forms of travel need to be stopped
While travel restrictions are in place mainly to the China, Taiwan, Singapore and Thailand(the most affected countries), travel within India is otherwise safe. Certain other countries of Europe and the U.S. are exercising various travel regulations for safety which need to be followed. Any travel across international boundaries need to be accompanied with necessary safety precautions.
#4 Death happens inevitably with COVID-19 infection
The mortality rate is only 2%, much lesser than the similar strains causing illness like SARS or MERS in the past. Majority of cases are mild infections and the number of uncomplicated cases are on the rise. Death occurs due to pulmonary complications, mainly pneumonia and respiratory failure.
In any case, death is NOT imminent with this virus.
#5 Consumption of hot water, herbs, garlic, turmeric, ginger and fresh fruits prevent/treat coronavirus infection
(NO EVIDENCE FOR THE SAME)
#6 Broad spectrum antibiotics are helpful against COVID-19
No evidence again! A combination of drugs like Ritonavir/Lopinavir and Oseltamivir also used in HIV have been used with some success. Even transfusion of plasma from patients who recovered from COVID-19 has been tried with promise. But physicians have recommended against widespread use of antibiotics as it further increases the chance of secondary bacterial infections, hampering the immunity.
#7 The virus is being spread by cattle and reptiles
Some evidence of spread present only with the bats.
#8 India has increasing number of COVID-19 cases
Till date India has reported only 4 cases with nil deaths. Even those who were evacuated from Wuhan were reported to have negative screening test from the Indian Institute of Virology, Pune. There are many suspicious cases at various places most of which are increasingly turning out to be negative.
#9 Recommendation to avoid Chinese food/restaurants
Funny, right? But quite prevalent in many households. Of course the Chinese food made here does not make its way from the China mainland!
#10 Conspiracy theories
After the outbreak of the virus, all the social media and news forums were busy with the alarm of Coronavirus being used as a biological weapon or ‘bio-hazard’ and even some videos showing leak of the virus from some secret Government facility went viral. Worldwide various agencies like the WHO, CDC, UN and the Chinese High Commission themselves have strongly denied any such claims. Same has been the reaction of scientists all over the world. While these news add to the selling points of an online forum as well as their popularity in heated debates, they are apt in causing mass hysteria, panic and tension worldwide further harbouring political unrest and mutual paranoia.
Major Precautions That Are Recommended
Protective N95 face masks, regular hand-washing, avoiding any contact with the infected person, coughing and sneezing hygiene, adequate isolation of the affected are the measures suggested.
These need to be further implemented in high risk areas like international airports, shopping malls, restaurants, movie theatres and other public gatherings.
While all of us indulge in putting forward our opinions in any health-related discussion, few really care to debunk a false news by verifying the authenticity of the fact. This is a collective responsibility, irrespective of our profession, expertise or social roles.
In today’s world, where technology is literally a boon, there are enough genuine sources to help us correct our understanding about any scenario and set the facts straight. There are even forums where we can connect with the experts (epidemiologists, infectious disease specialists, virologists, etc.) seek for the right information. If each of us can take the onus on us not only to say NO to a ‘senseless forward’ but also to provide the alternative truth in relevant platforms, the crisis of misinformation-epidemic can be well dealt with.
(Dr Debanjan Banerjee is a psychiatrist with NIMHANS, and Life Fellow, World Association of Mental Health)
(For long, women’s health has been sidelined and put on the back burner, not taken seriously, not researched, not explored, silenced.
FIT is launching its ‘Her Health’ campaign, that will focus on health stories that put women and their health issues front and centre. What would you like us to talk about? Write to us at FIT@thequint.com)
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Published: 03 Mar 2020,12:37 PM IST